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(A) The reactivity of carbonyl compounds towards nucleophilic addition reaction $(NAR)$ is governed by two main factors:$1.$ Electronic effect: The pr

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$I > II > III > IV$

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(A) The reactivity of carbonyl compounds towards nucleophilic addition reaction $(NAR)$ is governed by two main factors:$1.$ Electronic effect: The presence of electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ decreases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon,thereby reducing reactivity.$2.$ Steric effect: Increased steric hindrance around the carbonyl carbon hinders the approach of the nucleophile,reducing reactivity.Comparing the given compounds:$I: HCHO$ (Formaldehyde) - No $EDG$,least steric hindrance.$II: CH_3CHO$ (Acetaldehyde) - One $CH_3$ group ($+I$ effect),moderate steric hindrance.$III: CH_3COCH_3$ (Acetone) - Two $CH_3$ groups ($+I$ effect),higher steric hindrance.$IV: PhCOCH_3$ (Acetophenone) - One $Ph$ group (strong resonance $EDG$ and bulky),highest steric hindrance.Thus,the decreasing order of reactivity is $I > II > III > IV$.

Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reaction:
$I: HCHO$
$II: CH_3CHO$
$III: CH_3COCH_3$
$IV: PhCOCH_3$

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Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reaction:$I: HCHO$$II: CH_3CHO$$III: CH_3COCH_3$$IV: PhCOCH_3$